DV Biologics cell and tissue lysates are prepared from liquid nitrogen fresh frozen samples. Cell and tissue specimens are homogenized in ice-cold modified RIPA buffer in the presence of protease inhibitors (without EDTA). After lysis, the samples are centrifuged to remove tissue and cell debris. The protein concentration is determined using bicinchoninic acid (BCA) assay and BSA as a standard. DV Biologics cell and tissues lysates can be used in SDS-PAGE, Western blotting, immunoprecipitation, ELISA, enzymatic activity analysis, protein-protein interaction and other studies encompassing functional genomics, and comparative analysis of proteins in human models. Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy is a recessive X-linked form of muscular dystrophy characterized by rapid progression of muscle degeneration.